To understand crime and criminal justice, it is vital to understand all the criminology theories first. It makes our knowledge about why people commit crimes better.
Although no theory provides us with all types of crimes and their jurisdiction, every single theory covers a more significant criminology portion.
Ever tried to understand why certain crimes happen? What could be the possible reason or motive behind an individual’s deviant behavior? Why people commit crimes?
A good theory helps us to understand the manifestation of behavior.
No theory covers all the aspects of crime and delinquency. But each theory covers a reasonable portion to make us understand crime and delinquency in that area.
All these theories integrate under the umbrella of one complete theory. These theories cover all the psychological, biological, social, and behavioral aspects of crime and borrow the constructs from each other to combine them in one single theory.
The goal of criminology theories is to make one understand crime and justice.
Individual theories can be macro or micro.
It is essential to know why people commit crimes and how the crimes can be prevented?
With a better understanding of criminal behavior, we can prevent and fight the possible causes of crime.
So we can say that studying criminology theories provide a benefit to overall society.
It is essential to know about crime and its jurisdiction. Understanding crime and delinquency and how the law works against them are covered in criminal justice theories.
These theories can be divided into four major groups.
These theories suggest that low IQ level, psychopathic behavior, irresponsible behavior, less empathy towards people, and mental illness may contribute to criminal behavior.
Poverty, high unemployment rate, increased mobility, and infant mortality rate contribute to criminal behavior in a specific area.
This theory suggests that crime is also learned like any other activity or skill. Our response to environmental stimuli shapes our actions.
Under the umbrella of these four theories, we can further propose some other theories that can explain the above theories well. These criminology theories are
People commit crimes for their interests. And they find reward more attractive than the feeling of committing a crime or the risk of getting caught.
This theory tells us that people who commit crimes for personal interests always weigh their possible risks and potential reward.
So it is like, they choose to commit a crime. They plan for it and may take time to weigh possible risk factors and work to get rid of them.
For example, a poor area with a low employment rate will have a comparatively high crime rate.
Or an empty building can provide shelter for many criminal activities.
A rough social structure will support both crime and criminal.
When people do not get the opportunity or do not have the ability to achieve success, they try to meet social expectations of success through negative means.
Social learning theory suggests that the social environment plays a vital role in an individual’s actions, and they can get motivation and skills to commit crime from people around them.
Society shuts the door of opportunities for these criminals, which results in more criminal behavior. People get offended by labels that society puts on them and behave in a deviant way to pressure society.
In the study between criminals and non criminals, the theory suggests that some born criminals may be due to biological inferiority vs. personal choice.
Other biological factors that can contribute to criminal behavior are hormonal imbalances, vitamin deficiencies, weak brain functions, etc.
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